The Great Karoo of South Africa

<body> <p><font size="1"><a href="http://www.karooheartland.com">The Karoo Heartland Marketing Association</a></font></p> <p> </p> <p><font size="1">The Karoo, the central high-plateau of South Africa, is surrounded by the mighty mountain chains of the escarpment. <br> The rain, brought by the humid sea winds, goes down over the weather side of the mountain slopes, so that the lee side stays basically dry.<br>  Therefore, the endless grassland of the Karoo gets as little as 400 mm of rain annually, which falls mainly in summer. The winter months are almost completely dry.  Precipitation gets even lighter towards the north-west. In the upper Karoo it rains on average less than 200 mm per year, which makes it an arid, semi-desert zone (meaning that precipitation is less than the rate of evaporation).<br> Due to the average altitude of 1200 m on the central high-plateau, temperatures in summer are usually bearable, although the thermometer reading can sometimes go over 35 degrees Celsius. Towards the north-west, in the direction of the Kalahari basin, due to the lower elevation, temperature are even higher. (100m difference in altitude corresponds to 1 degree temperature difference.) In Upington, for example, at the lower Orange River, one can expect temperatures of around 40 degrees in summer. <br> <br> The best time to travel in the Karoo is between May and September. During the day, it is pleasantly warm and sunny (20 - 25 degrees C), and at night it gets cool enough for a good sleep.<br> <br> The village Sutherland, founded in 1857, lies nearly 1 500 metres above sea level and claims to be the coldest inhabited place in South Africa. After extensive research it was selected as the ideal site for an astronomical observatory - the largest of its four main telescopes has a mirror 1,9m in diameter, weighing 1 600kg! The clarity of the atmosphere makes this the ideal place for scientific observations of the stellar system.<br> <br> Starting at bedrock the story of the Great Karoo goes back 270 million years to when the central part of' South Africa was a low-lying basin ringed by high lying land and covered by a thick mantle of slow-moving ice. With the coming of a warmer, wetter climate an enormously long period of alternating low and high rainfall seasons settled over South Africa. <br> <br> This period saw the development of a luxurious plant life and the appearance of now long-extinct animals. With the passing of millions of years sand, mud and clay, often containing the fossil remains of animals and plants, were pressured and hardened into a series of rock layers, or strata, thousands of metres thick. The countryside formed from these deposits is today known in the Cape as The Karoo, while the series as a whole is known to geologists as the Karoo System. <br> <br> This, in turn, is divided into several series that are, from oldest to youngest, the Dwyka, the Ecca, the Beaufort and the Stormberg series.<br> On the left is a photo of a Diictodon fossil (reptile-like mammal) found in the Karoo National Park. This fossil is approximately 240 million years old. (Dr F Durand)<br> <br> It is from the beds of the younger geological series that have come the fascinating fossils, which have led to the Karoo's recognition as one of the biggest and most important fossil deposits in the world. <br> Painstaking pre-historical detective work done by such famed fossickers as the late Dr Robert Broom has vividly repopulated the dim distant Karoo with the grim and grotesque monsters which lumbered, grazed and fought in its primeval marshlands and rivers; animals such as the Pareiasaurus, a fearsome-looking cross between a hippopotamus and a crocodile which was preyed upon by the even more hideous titanosuchids, therocephalians and the smaller gorgonopsians.<br> <br> It is strange today to think of the Karoo's lonely landscape echoing with the shrieks and bellows of battling dinosaurs, stranger to realise that while these scaly monsters were fighting for supremacy a new type of animal, no larger than a rat, had appeared on the Karoo scene to announce the beginning of the first true mammals.<br> <br> The Karoo's evolutionary scenario had a dramatic curtain when the semi-desert habitat experienced cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, which poured vast rivers of molten lava over the countryside, destroying all animal and plant life. At the end of this volcanic activity a period of erosion started which gradually stripped away land surfaces to expose the entire Karoo succession - a petrified showcase of entombed plants and animals - in a process that is still going on.<br> <br> For the visitor this area offers a treasure chest of information. Various tour operators specialise in fossil tours with their contact details listed here.<br> <br> Addo Elephant Park<br> Addo is 72 km north of Port Elizabeth near the Zuurberg Range in the Sunday River Valley area. It is located in the dense, indigenous bush country. <br> The Addo Elephant National Park was proclaimed in 1931 to preserve the last survivors of once numerous herds of elephants in the eastern cape which were hunted almost to extinction. <br> The park is 12,126 ha of gently undulating valley Bushveld and is fenced. The elephants are gregarious, living in family groups led by a cow, and the dominant bull of the reserve does most of the breeding. For many years this bull was called Hapoor, whose ear had been nicked by a bullet. He was finally deposed in 1968, broke out of the reserve and was shot. His head is mounted on the wall of the park restaurant.<br> Elephants, buffalos, also East African black rhinoceros, red hartebeest, kudu, bushbuck, cape grysbok, duiker, Burchells zebra, black-backed jackal, bat-eared fox, warthog, ostrich, small spotted genet, springhare, suricate, yellow mongoose, tortoises and vervet monkey are found in the Park.<br> There are also more than 150 bird species ranging from ostriches, to raptors, and waterfowl.<br> To get to the Park from Port Elizabeth drive east to the Swartkops River, just outside the city and then turn left for the 29-km drive to Addo. Continue along the road to Corney to reach the National Park, 73 km from Port Elizabeth in the Sundays River valley and the Zuurberg mountain range. The access road from the main road is 4km and is tarred as far as the restcamp. The road within the restcamp is tarred but all other internal roads are gravel.<br> All accommodation is serviced daily and provides bedding, towels and soap. Six bed guest cottages each with two bedrooms, bathroom en suite, one with bath one with shower and a fully equipped kitchen. Four bed cottage include one bedroom, bathroom, and an open plan partially equipped kitchen. Bungalows each with two single beds and a double sleeper, also a two-bed bungalow with bathroom.Two bed bungalows with bathroom and communal kitchen facilities.<br> Camping and caravan sites maximum six persons to one caravan with a side tent and one vehicle. <br> For nature-lovers and botanists there is the four-hour Spekboom Trail, which lies inside a fenced-off botanical garden.<br> More Information on their Website<br> Telephone : +27 (0)42 233 0556/7<br> <br> Valley of Desolation<br> Sheer cliffs and precariously balanced columns of Dolerite rise 120 metres from the valley floor, against the timeless backdrop of the vast plains of the Camdeboo. This is the product of volcanic and erosive forces of nature over 100 million years.<br> This breathtaking site is a short 14 km drive from the town. Any visitor to the Reserve will be surprised to discover the diversity of fauna and flora. There are over 220 recorded species of birdlife, 336 plants and 43 mammals. Catch a glimpse of the endangered Cape Mountain Zebra, plenty of Kudu, Buffalo, the majestic Black Eagle and the Kori Bustard, the heaviest flying bird in the world.<br> You have a choice of scenic picnic sites in the Reserve, and for those a little more energetic, there are three walking trails which range from 1 hour in duration to overnight hikes - be sure to bring your camera! <br> <br> Karoo National Park<br> The Karoo National Park is situated close to the highway between Cape Town and the hinterland, approximately 1000km south of Johannesburg and 500 km north of Cape Town. The Great Karoo is a vast and unforgiving landscape in which the Karoo National Park is dominated by the lofty Nuweveld mountains and rolling plains. Towards late afternoon the great unyielding canopy slowly softens its fierceness and from pastel shades of pink and blue the colors deepen, setting the endless Karoo canvas ablaze with glorious hues of orange and red.<br> The park has 61 species of mammals the most common of which are classic and bat-eared fox and rhino. The Karoo National Parks has a wide variety of endemic wildlife many species of which have been located to their former ranges such as black rhino and buffaloes, as well as Cape mountain zebra and over 20 breeding pairs of black eagle.<br> Other attractions in the Park are a swimming pool, 2 information centres, game viewing, bird hide at the dam and 2 nature trails. The Springbok hiking trail which is a 3 day/2 night trail for a max of 12 persons and the Karoo Fossil Braille Trail and Karoo 4x4 trail for max of 8 persons are located in the Park.<br> The restcamp is 10 km from the town of Beaufort West and the Park is close to the N1 highway between Cape Town and the hinterland. By air - there is an airport 10 km from Beaufort West and car hire is available in Beaufort West. All internal roads are tarred with the exception of the 4x4 Trail and access roads to the Mountain View Rest camp.<br> More Information on their Website<br> Telephone : +27 (0)23 415 2828/9<br> <br> Mountain Zebra National Park<br> The Mountain Zebra National Park, about 30 km from the small town of Cradock, is on the northern slopes of the 2000m high Bankberg and has magnificent views over the Karoo. The craggy heights of Mountain Zebra National Park embrace rolling plains and deep valleys and has become an entrancing preserve for the Cape mountain zebra. The proclamation of the Park in 1937 saved these animals from extinction and their current population is just 130.<br> The best time to visit is March to May. It is the most comfortable for visiting the park, summers are warm and winter nights are cold. Rainfall averages 390mm per annum and there is regular snowfall on high lying areas.<br> It's a small Park protecting one of the rarest animals in the world - the mountain zebra whose current population stands at 130. There are many antelope species, eland, black wildebeest, red hartebeest, and gemsbok, mountain reed buck, and grey rhebok frequent the higher areas, whilst caracal occupy the niche of primary predator. There are three species of zebra - Grevy's the biggest, Burchell's the most numerous, and the Cape mountain zebra the smallest and one of the rarest living mammals.<br> There are a swimming pool, picnic and braai areas, game viewing, horse riding and the Mountain Zebra hiking trail a 3 day/2 night trek for max 12 persons.<br> More Information on their Website<br> Telephone : +27 (0)48 881 2427<br> <br> Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park<br> The park lies in the triangle segment of South Africa between Namibia and Botswana, covering an area of 959,103 hectares with mile upon mile of rolling rust red sand dunes, solitary trees and scattered grasses. For lovers of the ambience of untamed Africa this hauntingly beautifully region has a special appeal all of its own and the park is named after the gemsbok. If you yearn to experience the unspoilt beauty of Africa, to hear the nocturnal calls of wild animals stalking their prey, and be in at the kill with Kalahari lions, then this national park is the perfect holiday destination.<br> The Park is open throughout the year, but the best times for game viewing are February through May.<br> The red dunes and scrub fade into infinity and herds of gemsbok, springbok, eland and blue wildebeest follow the seasons. Imposing camel thorn trees provide shade for huge lion and vantage points for leopard, and many raptors, cheetah, spotted hyena, black-backed jackal.<br> Although the countryside is semi-desert it is richer than it appears and supports large populations of birds.<br> The Park is situated 358 km from Upington in the far northern Cape and 904 km from Johannesburg. <br> There is no border post at Mata Mata and Namibia can be entered via Aroab/Rietfontein. Access roads in the Park have gravel surfaces. Travel time from the entrance gate at Twee Rivieren to Nossob restcamp is 3.5 hours and to Mata Mata 2.5 hours.<br> There are three rest camps. Twee Rivieren is at the southern gate of the park There is a 6 bed family cottage with bathroom and air-con and fully equipped kitchen. Also 3 and 4 bed cottages with bathroom, air-con and fully equipped kitchen and bungalows with 2 single bed, bathroom, air-con and fully equipped kitchen. there is also a swimmimg pool and information centre at the rest camp.<br> Nossob lies on the Botswana border north of the entrance gate and consists of six-bed family cottages with bathrooms and kitchen, three bed bungalows with bathroom and kitchen and three bed huts with shared ablution and kitchen facilities.<br> Matamata is situated on the Namibian border to the north west of the entrance gate and comprises a six bed family cottage with bathroom and kitchen and three bed chalets with communal ablution and kitchen facilities.<br> Camping and caravan facilities are found at all 3 rest camps.<br> More Information on their Website<br> Telephone : +27 (0)54 561 2000<br> <br> The Vaalbos National Park<br> The Vaalbos National Park is an extraordinary 23,000 ha area along the Vaal River in the former heart of the alluvial diamond diggings near Kimberley. A tourist route, built with material from the diamond diggings using local labor, winds through the park, exposing visitors to all facets of it's three different ecosystems as they merge together as one. <br> The name Vaalbos originates from the vaalbos (camphor bush) a prominent plant species in the park. Rainfall during summer could vary between 300m and 700mm per annum, winters are cold with temperatures as high as 44c.<br> Wildlife includes black rhino, white rhino, buffalo, giraffe, eland, red hartebeest and tsessebe.<br> Birdwatchers come to see the large raptors and the rare yellow-breasted form of the crimson-breasted shrike among others.<br> The park gets its rainfall mainly during summer, could vary between 300 mm and 700 mm per annum. Winters are cold with temperatures as low as 4 degrees C.<br>  Summer temperatures may be as high as 44 degrees C.<br> The park is a transitional vegetation zone where typical Karoo, Kalahari thornveld and grassveld meet.<br> At Block Dam picnic sites 17 km from the gate 10 barbecue complete with ablution facilities and hide created at a waterhole. River picnic sites are situated on the banks of the Vaal River some 2km from the gate with 20 barbecues. <br> <br> The Great Karoo, an area in excess of 400 000 square kilometers was, approximately 250 million years ago, a vast inland sea. As the world's climate gradually changed from cold to hot the water evaporated leaving a swamp where reptiles and amphibians prospered. Read more about it here.<br> In recent history, less than two hundred years ago large herds of antelope and zebras roamed the grass flats. The Hottentots and Bushmen, the last Stone Age people, shared the “Place of Great Dryness”. They differed basically in their cultures and lifestyles: the Hottentots herding their sheep and cattle in the age-old pastoral pattern and the Bushmen following their traditional nomadic pursuits of hunting and feasting. With the occupation of the area by stock farmers the sheep gradually replaced the game and the grass receded along with the changed grazing and weather patterns.<br> During the Anglo Boer War of 1899-1902 three Republican Commandos, reinforced by the rebels from the Cape Colony, conducted widespread operations throughout the Karoo. <br> Countless skirmishes took place, with the Calvinia Magisterial district contributing a significant number of fighters to the Republican cause. <br> <br> Fought both conventionally and as a guerilla struggle over the Karoo's vast expanses, it was a bloody war of attrition wherein both sides used developing technologies to their advantage. <br> Numerous abandoned blockhouses can still be seen at strategic locations in the Great Karoo with a prime example at the Geelbeks River 12 kilometres outside Laingsburg. <br> Currently sheep farming is the economic backbone of the Karoo with other forms of agriculture taking place in areas where irrigation is possible. Lately game farms and tourism to this fascinating area is also making an impact. <br> Various tour operators specialises in the area.<br> <br> When the first trekboers and hunters pushed their ox wagons over the mountain barriers that sweep from the Cedarberg, the Swartruggens, the Witteberge and the Great Swartberg in a defending shield they came into close contact with the oldest surviving inhabitants of Southern Africa, the Hottentots and the wary Bushmen.<br> These, the last Stone Age peoples, shared the “Place of Great Dryness”. They differed basically in their cultures and lifestyles: the Hottentots herding their sheep and cattle in the age-old pastoral pattern and the Bushmen following their traditional nomadic pursuits of hunting and feasting. European contact with the Hottentots went back to the early days of Cape settlement and the Karoo clansmen soon responded to brandy and tobacco to become herdsmen and servants; the Bushmen initially retreated into the fastnesses of their hunting grounds until the uneasy peace was broken and a savage if sporadic war was waged to exterminate them.  For close on a century the tiny Bushmen were hunted and harried until, decimated and broken, they retreated into the sandy wastes of the Kalahari to find their last refuge. In the Great Karoo where they had run down the fat buck and painted symbolic dance and chase scenes in their rock shelters their age-old lands became the domain of the trekboers, who wandered with their flocks in search of water and grazing.<br> <br> From the middle of the eighteenth century the vast, untamed plains of the Karoo drew increasing numbers of adventurous stockmen who chafed at the restrictions of the settled areas, sturdily independent men with hands made to shape frontiers. They had to be sturdy; the Great Karoo is no place for weaklings. Many of the travellers who braved its iron bound plains commented with obvious feeling on the hardships and privations of the Karoo and the type of men who defied them.<br> <br> The Swedish botanist and naturalist Dr Carl Peter Thunberg made three journeys into the interior of the Cape between 1772 and 1774, the first of a succession of scientific inquirers who travelled the Great Karoo. He found the “Carrow” had “a burning hot climate where not a drop of rain falls for the space of eight months at least’. It was so hot that “the eye is affected by a tremulous motion in the air, just as though one were looking at a flame”.The heat and the monotony: these are the two aspects of the Karoo that recur throughout the writing of the early travellers. When Thomas Pringle, the poet, visited the Great Karoo no rain had fallen for nearly a year. He wrote: “Not a vestage of green pasturage was to be descried over the surface of the immense monotonous landscape; and the low heath-like shrubbery, apparently as sapless as a worn-out broom, was the only thing our cattle had to browse on. No wild game was to be seen: all had fled apparently to some more hospitable region. Not even a wandering ostrich or bird of prey appeared to break the death-like stillness of the waste”. George Thompson, a Cape Town merchant, echoed him. He found the Karoo around Beaufort West “dismally parched up” and concluded the region was “only fit for human residence during a few weeks in the year, after the fall of the periodical, or rather the occasional rains, for sometimes more than one season intervenes without them”. Despite Thompson's gloomy conclusion tenacious boers were living the year round in the area. That their life was a hard one is borne out by the visit of the botanist William Burchell to the home of a semi-nomadic boer during his epic journey between 1811 and 1815. Burchell accompanied the boer to his “miserable hut” to buy some sheep. “His only food was mutton, without bread or any kind of vegetables. His sheep were numerous and thriving, though they fed on nothing but bushes: of large cattle he had none, as the land of the Karro and the Roggeveld does not produce the grassy pasture proper for cows and oxen,” he noted. “Our visitor's place in the scale of civilisation would he nearly at the bottom, if even it should not be below zero.” Things were little different 20 years later when the naturalist Andrew Steedman travelled the Karoo and put up at the farm of “a Boor named Boonartie” in the Nuweveld area. The family had already been driven from their previous land by the depredations of Bushmen who had plundered their farm, driven off stock and attempted to shoot them with their poisoned arrows. Now they had to contend with predators, chilling cold and birds of prey such as the bearded vulture, all of which combined to reduce their flocks. The Boonarties were hospitable people even though Steedman found “their house was the picture of misery, the thatch of one room having completely disappeared, while the wind and rain penetrated through the shattered and dilapidated roof of the other to such a degree that it was with difficulty candles could be kept burning on the table”. A nineteenth century traveller, G. A. Farini, crossed the Great Karoo by train at a time when no rain had fallen for two years. He thought the sun was trying to make up for lost time in the 'most terrible, arid, parched-up, kiln-dried, scorched, baked, burnt, and Godforsaken district' it had ever shone upon. When Farini was told that there were other districts which had known no rainfall for up to twelve years he remarked, 'Ah! I felt sure, all the time, that Hell could not be a great way off this place.'<br> It seemed incredible to him that 'the Great Karoo can ever be other than it is now -an apparently hopeless desert'. <br> Lord Randolph Churchill, who also followed the line of rail, had a more discerning eye and regarded the Karoo as 'far more hospitable and nourishing for livestock than the uninstructed tourist would imagine.'<br> <br> Lord Randolph was right. Sheep and goats are the wealth of the Karoo and the multiplication of their numbers on the plains is the basis of most agriculture and much commerce in the region. The meat, fleeces, hair and hides of these animals provided the fledgling railways with much of their goods trade in the latter years of the nineteenth century when gangs of British navvies were taking the rail across the plains to the diamond fields of Kimberley.</font></p> <p><font size="1">Fossil Reptiles of the Great Karoo<br> Starting at bedrock the story of the Great Karoo goes back 270 million years to when the central part of' South Africa was a low-lying basin ringed by high lying land and covered by a thick mantle of slow-moving ice. With the coming of a warmer, wetter climate an enormously long period of alternating low and high rainfall seasons settled over South Africa. <br> This period saw the development of a luxurious plant life and the appearance of now long-extinct animals. With the passing of millions of years sand, mud and clay, often containing the fossil remains of animals and plants, were pressured and hardened into a series of rock layers, or strata, thousands of metres thick. The countryside formed from these deposits is today known in the Cape as The Karoo, while the series as a whole is known to geologists as the Karoo System. <br> <br> This, in turn, is divided into several series that are, from oldest to youngest, the Dwyka, the Ecca, the Beaufort and the Stormberg series.<br> On the left is a photo of a Diictodon fossil (reptile-like mammal) found in the Karoo National Park. This fossil is approximately 240 million years old. (Dr F Durand)<br> <br> It is from the beds of the younger geological series that have come the fascinating fossils, which have led to the Karoo's recognition as one of the biggest and most important fossil deposits in the world. <br> Painstaking pre-historical detective work done by such famed fossickers as the late Dr Robert Broom has vividly repopulated the dim distant Karoo with the grim and grotesque monsters which lumbered, grazed and fought in its primeval marshlands and rivers; animals such as the Pareiasaurus, a fearsome-looking cross between a hippopotamus and a crocodile which was preyed upon by the even more hideous titanosuchids, therocephalians and the smaller gorgonopsians.<br> <br> It is strange today to think of the Karoo's lonely landscape echoing with the shrieks and bellows of battling dinosaurs, stranger to realise that while these scaly monsters were fighting for supremacy a new type of animal, no larger than a rat, had appeared on the Karoo scene to announce the beginning of the first true mammals.<br> <br> The Karoo's evolutionary scenario had a dramatic curtain when the semi-desert habitat experienced cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, which poured vast rivers of molten lava over the countryside, destroying all animal and plant life. At the end of this volcanic activity a period of erosion started which gradually stripped away land surfaces to expose the entire Karoo succession - a petrified showcase of entombed plants and animals - in a process that is still going on.<br> <br> For the visitor this area offers a treasure chest of information. Various tour operators specialise in fossil tours with their contact details listed here.<br> <br> Languages<br> There are 11 official languages. The two major Black languages are Zulu and Xhosa.<br> English is the official language and is taught throughout the education system, though Afrikaans is still the lingua franca amongst many of the people. The main ethnic languages fall into the Bantu and Khoisan language groups. Most black South Africans will also speak one or more African languages, whilst many white South Africans (especially those in the commercial farming communities) regard Afrikaans their first language.<br> The English speaking tourist will experience no difficulties, neither the Dutch nor Flemish speakers. Most of the larger institutions and operators cater for German, French and Japanese groups.<br> Top<br> Documents<br> All visitors must have a passport, which is valid for at least six months after they are due to leave, and an onward ticket of some sort. In practice, the second requirement is rarely even considered if you look neat, respectable and fairly affluent. Travelers from certain countries need a visa. Apply for multiple entry visas should you wish to visit neighboring countries.<br> Top<br> Accommodation<br> South Africa caters for a wide spectrum of visitors - from 5-star hotels to self-catering cottages. Guest houses and B&B's have become increasingly popular with visitors mainly because of lower rates and excellent service. National Parks and Game Reserves as well as the private reserves have their own accommodation facilities. Click here to see what is on offer in the Great Karoo.<br> Top<br> Banking<br> Automated teller machines (ATM's) are situated in all towns and shopping centres and are available 24-hours a day.<br> Top<br> Currency<br> The monetary unit is the Rand (R) which equals 100 cents. (International symbol is ZAR). Bank note denominations are R200, R100, R50, R20, and R10.<br> <br> The best system is always to have some cash South African Rand whilst conserving these by using credit cards where you can. Normal banking hours are 08.30-15.30 weekdays and 08.30-12.00 on Saturdays, depending upon the town. Banks will cash traveler's cheques or give cash advances on credit cards, though the clearance required for a cash advance may take 30 minutes or so. In the remoter areas cash is essential. Wherever you are, petrol stations always require cash.<br> Top<br> Budgeting<br> Few, if any, of South Africa's attractions are intrinsically expensive. Many are protected in national parks, which are very reasonably priced. Private lodges, and operators who run trips to the remote areas of the country can be more expensive.<br> In all these cases you are paying for some combination of high levels of luxury, the skills of first-class guides, and the logistics of finding comfort in such remote places. By African standards, the prices of South Africa's private lodges and safari operations remain reasonable. Much better value than equivalent operations in any other African country. This is partially because the economy is tied to the low-value South African Rand.<br> If you eat in restaurants, lunch will cost around R30. Dinner, with perhaps a few beers or half a bottle of South African wine, will be nearer R80 per person. National park fees are now largely included in the accommodation and camping prices. The main additional expense is petrol if you are driving, for which assume about R4 per liter. The roads are usually open and easy, so expect to cruise at very economic speeds.<br> Top<br> How to take your money<br> South African Rand are essential for buying petrol and small items, whilst most hotels, restaurants and larger shops accept credit cards. Many travelers take most of their money as traveler's cheques (sterling or US dollars).<br> Banks in the cities will cash any travelers' cheques, but American Express, Visa, MasterCard and Diners are well recognised, and prompt replacements are issued if cheques are stolen. Drawing money at a bank via credit cards is easy, but it will take a few minutes longer than changing travelers' cheques.<br> Top<br> Clothing<br> Most of your days you will want light, loose-fitting clothing. Cotton (or a cotton-rich mix) is cooler and more absorbent than synthetic fibers. For men, shorts (long ones) are usually fine, but long trousers are more socially acceptable in towns and especially in rural settlements and villages. For women knee-length skirts or culottes are best. South Africa has a generally conservative dress code. Revealing or scruffy clothing isn't respected or appreciated by most South Africans.<br> <br> Light cottons, with slightly heavier cottons or light woolens for evenings. In the evenings, especially for chilling rides in the back of safari vehicles, you will need something warm. Nighttime temperatures in the winter months can be very low, especially in semi-arid and Highveld areas. If possible, dress in layers, taking along a light sweater (polar-fleeces are ideal) and a long-sleeved jacket, or a tracksuit, and a light but waterproof anorak. Note that some excellent cotton safari-wear is produced and sold locally. Try the outdoor speciality shops in South Africa. Finally, don't forget a squashable sun-hat. Cotton is perfect. Bring one for safety's sake, even if you hate hats, as it will greatly reduce the chance of your getting sunstroke when out walking.<br> Top<br> Climate<br> Generally, South Africa's climate allows for a sunny holiday at any time of the year. However, your dress requirements may vary according to your particular destination, so rather be prepared! If you intend spending a lot of time outdoors and definitely in summer, bring a hat for protection against the rather scorching sun. In the summer, lightweight cotton clothing is advised because daytime temperatures generally hover around 25-30 degrees Celsius.<br> <br> For the brief period of January until Mid-March, temperatures sometimes reach 35 degrees. During this period, the nights might be just as hot. In the Cape, with its Mediterranean climate, there is no rain to cool down the air. You may or you may not want to bring a costume to swim in. There are a few topless and nude beaches in South Africa, but generally nudity is still frowned upon. Further inland there is often an afternoon or evening thunderstorm. In fact, the rain may become quite heavy, so a raincoat is advisable. In the summer evenings, the heat usually lessens and only a light jacket is required.<br> <br> In the winter months (May to October) the sun shines almost every day. Daytime temperatures hover around 17 to 22 degrees Celsius. The evenings can get very cold. Temperatures have been known to plummet to below zero in most parts of the country. The greater South Africa experience semi-arid temperatures. Hot days with cooler (summer), to very cold (winter) nights.<br> <br> Many visitors, who come to view game in the parks and game farms, prefer to visit these places in the drier winter months. With little rainfall at this time of the year, you are more likely to see animals congregating around the waterholes. The grass is shorter in winter, so spotting the game is easier. But the parks are busier in the winter. The game is just as prolific, but perhaps harder to see in summer. Summer can be unbearably hot specifically in the most northern parts of the game parks. The vegetation in the game parks of Natal, remain the same all year round, as does the weather generally.<br> <br> Visitors coming to enjoy the unique spring flowerings of the west coast from September to November, usually experience very pleasant weather conditions. The veld is literally covered in carpets of the most beautiful, bright flowers.<br> <br> There are sharks in the seas around South Africa, even where there are colder currents. The public beaches are well protected by shark nets, but be alert of the unprotected beaches. Some beaches can have rather strong and unpredictable ocean currents.<br> Visitors arriving in Johannesburg may feel a little drowsy at first because of the high altitude of 1800 metres above sea level.<br> Top<br> Customs<br> Duty-free allowances:<br> Cigarettes 400<br> Tobacco - 250g<br> Alcoholic bev.'s - 1 liter<br> Cigars 50<br> Wine 2 liters<br> Perfume 50ml<br> Eau de Toilette - 250ml<br> Gifts, souvenirs and all other goods - R500<br> Green Channel<br> No commercial or restricted goods and within Duty-free allowance.<br> <br> Customs Charges<br> Pay duty (an average of 20%) on items over allowed limit before leaving Customs hall.<br> Public roads are well developed and well sign-posted with driving done on the left. Drivers must have an international driver's license and a minimum of 5 years' experience. It is wise to drive defensively as standards vary. This is probably the best way to see the country.<br> Top<br> Maps and navigation<br> South Africa has an excellent range of detailed 'Ordnance Survey' type maps available cheaply in South Africa at most book stores and news agencies. Petrol station usually stock some good maps as well. If you are planning a 4WD expedition, then you may need to buy some of these before you head out into the bush.<br> <br> GPS systems<br> If you are heading into the more remote parts in your own vehicle, then consider investing in a small GPS: a Global Positioning System.<br> <br> International driver's license<br> An international driver's license is appropriate.<br> Top<br> Facilities for the Disabled<br> All the airports, major hotels, most rest camps in the Kruger National Park and lately built shopping centers provide facilities for the disabled. The larger car hire companies can provide vehicles with hand controls. In general, however, facilities are still lacking.<br> South Africans are friendly people. Some guidelines might make your stay more relaxed.<br> Top<br> Etiquette<br> Greetings<br> <br> African societies are rarely as rushed as Western ones. You should always greet the person first before making enquiries. Friendly handshakes are expected in the more rural areas.<br> <br> Clothing<br> <br> Your clothing is an area that can easily give offence. Skimpy, revealing clothing is frowned upon by most many South African cultures, especially when worn by women. Shorts are fine for the bush or the beach, but dress conservatively and avoid short shorts, especially in the more rural areas. Respectable locals will wear long trousers (men) or long skirts (women).<br> No immunization is needed when entering the country except when entering it within six days after leaving a yellow-fever infected area.<br> Top<br> Health<br> The Great Karoo area is malaria free, however, if you plan to visit other regions please read the following.<br> <br> Malaria risks in the northeastern parts of the Northern Province, eastern Mphumalanga and northern Kwazulu Natal is high ( F. Falciparum strain).<br> <br> Consult any chemist (drugstore) for details.<br> For a more comprehensive discussion of health requirements, the following website is recommended:<br> <br> http://www.cdc.gov/travel/safrica.htm The risk during summer months is high for malaria but for visitors visiting the northern areas of the country it is recommended that preventative measures should be taken throughout the year. <br> <br> The Mpumalanga Lowveld, Kruger National Park and Zululand in Natal, are all malarial areas. If you should go into these areas, it is probably best to leave as little of the body exposed when the mosquitoes are active after sunset. You are advised to use mosquito nets and vapour repellents too.<br> <br> Rabies is present and if you are bitten by an animal you must seek medical assistance immediately. Vaccination against rabies is unnecessary for most visitors, but would be wise for those who travel for extended periods, or stay in rural areas.<br> <br> Unless you are specifically told by authorities that the water is safe to drink, bilharzia can still be found in most of the malaria invested areas where there are lakes, lagoons, dams and stagnant water. Don't just drink any water and be careful about swimming in such places. The water is safe to drink in all main towns, but it is best to drink bottled water in rural areas.The Cape Provinces are generally safer.<br> <br> An emergency kit is a must if you're going to stay and spend some time on foot in rural areas. There are scorpions, snakes and spiders, but if you leave them undisturbed, they usually shy away from you. Don't turn over rocks. It is best to wear long pants and boots to prevent possible bites, when out in the veld. Check yourself for ticks at the end of an outing.<br> <br> Visit the SATOUR, or British Airways sites to ensure the correct information on health requirements.<br> Top<br> Medical Services<br> For visitors with health insurance, there are several first-class private hospitals and an efficient company, MediRescue, which provides emergency air evacuations from the rural areas.<br> <br> Visitors to South Africa should always take out a comprehensive medical insurance policy to cover them for emergencies, including the cost of evacuation to bigger cities and towns within the region. Such policies come with an emergency number (often on a reverse-charge/call collect basis). You would be wise to memorise this, or indelibly tattoo it in as many places as possible on your baggage. <br> Top<br> Insurance<br> Personal effects insurance is also a sensible precaution, but check the policy's fine print before you leave home. Often, in even the best policies, you will find a limit per item, or per claim - which can be well below the cost of a replacement. If you need to list your valuables separately, then do so comprehensively. Check that receipts are not required for claims if you do not have them, also that the excess, which you have to pay on a claim is reasonable.<br> <br> Annual travel policies can be excellent value if you travel a lot, and some of the larger credit-card companies offer excellent policies. However, it can often be better to get your valuables named and insured for travel using your home contents insurance. These year-round policies will try harder to settle your claim fairly as they want your business in the long term. <br> Top<br> Public Holidays<br> During South African's public holidays the towns shut down, though the national parks and other attractions just carry on regardless. Banks and big businesses are closed as well.<br> January 1 - New Year's Day<br> March 21 - Human Right's Day<br> April 27 - Freedom Day<br> May 1 - Worker's Day<br> June 16 - Youth Day<br> August 9 - Women's Day<br> September 24 - Heritage Day<br> December 16 - Reconciliation Day<br> December 25 - Christmas Day<br> December 26 - Day of Goodwill<br> Top<br> Crime<br> Crime is prevalent in the big cities.<br> Don't walk in deserted areas or alone at night. Follow the advice of the security staff of the hotels you are staying at. Don't carry large sums of money or expensive cameras in city centers. Use the hotel safe deposit box for valuables.<br> Top<br> Sales Tax<br> Tourists can have their sales tax (Value Added Tax or VAT) refunded at the port of exit provided the value of purchases exceeds R250.<br> <br> VAT is currently 14% and levied on most items.<br> Top<br> Time Zone<br> GMT +2<br> <br> South Africa is 2 hours ahead of GMT, one hour ahead of Central European wintertime and 7 hours ahead of Eastern Standard wintertime (USA).<br> Top<br> Useful Items<br> Sunblock and lipsalve for vital protection from the sunSunglasses - essential - ideally dark with a high U-V absorption.<br> Insect repellent, especially if travelling to the north or during the rains<br> A 'Leatherman' multi-purpose tool. Never go into the bush without one of these amazing assistants<br> Electrical insulating tape - remarkably useful for general repairs<br> Binoculars - essential for watching game and birds<br> Camera, film and long lenses (see Photography section)<br> Basic sewing kit, with at least some really strong thread for repairs<br> Electrical insulating tape - remarkably useful for general repairs<br> Camera, film and long lenses (see Photography section)<br> Basic sewing kit, with at least some really strong thread for repairs<br> Cheap waterproof watch (leave expensive ones, and jewellery, at home)<br> Couple of paperback novels<br> Large plastic 'bin-liner' (garbage) bags, for protecting your luggage from dust<br> A simple medical kit<br> A magnifying glass, for looking at some of the smaller attractions<br> And for backpackers, useful extras might include:<br> Concentrated, biodegradable washing powder<br> Long-life candles<br> Nylon Para cord (20m) for emergencies and washing lines<br> Good compass and a whistle<br> More comprehensive medical kit<br> Universal plug<br> Film can be more expensive in South Africa, but print films are readily available in main towns, as are the more common slide films.<br> Buying one polystyrene cool box just for films is a great investment. Protection from sun and heat is essential.</font></p> <p><font size="1">Links of pages in thegreatkaroo.com<br> <a href="http://www.great_karoo_of_south_africa.htm">searchenginelist of facilities</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/index.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/index.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/climate.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/climate.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/contactus.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/contactus.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/fossils.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/fossils.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/game_parks.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/game_parks.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/great_karoo_of_south_africa.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/great_karoo_of_south_africa.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/history.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/history.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/links.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/links.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/people.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/people.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/tourist_tips.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/tourist_tips.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/welcome.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/welcome.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/april.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/april.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/aug.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/aug.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/dec.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/dec.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/feb.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/feb.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/jan.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/jan.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/july.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/july.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/june.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/june.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/march.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/march.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/may.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/may.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/nov.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/news/nov.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/business.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/business.htm</a><br> <a href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/products.htm"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/products.htm</a></font><BR> <A href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/cottage/index.htm"><FONT size="1"> http://www.thegreatkaroo.com/cottage/index.htm</FONT></A></p> <p><FONT size="1"><A href="http://www.karooheartland.co.za/cottage"> http://www.karooheartland.co.za/cottage</A></FONT></p> <DIV align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="740" style="border-collapse: collapse" id="table1"> <tr> <td width="50%" align="center"> <B><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFCC00">Examples of <SPAN lang="en-za">single page </SPAN>web <SPAN lang="en-za">site </SPAN>designs</font></B><ul style="color: #FF0000"> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.webadz.co.za/iibrokers/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Insured Investment Brokers</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"><A href="http://www.webadz.co.za/pasol/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">PASOL Friction House Clutch, Brake and Exhaust Wholesalers</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.zawebs.com/hirisedoors"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Hi-rise Doors for Industrial and Domestic Garage Doors as well as Safety Products</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFCC00"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.zawebs.com/bonvoyage/index.htm">Bon Voyage Self Catering Accommodation - Humansdorp</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.webadz.co.za/tehillah/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Tehillah Christian School</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.zawebs.com/tvdoctor/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">TV Doctor</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/damsedrif">Damsedrif Tea Garden and B&B</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.webadz.co.za/rowallanskool/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Rowallan Park Primary</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.webadz.co.za/binstead/index.htm"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Binstead Genealogy</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/zandvlakte"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Zandvlakte Guest Farm</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/willowguesthouse"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">The Willow Historical Guest House</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/royalherberg"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">The Royal Herberg </font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/pinelands"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Pinelands Guest Farm</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"><font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial"> <A href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/haaspoort">Haaspoort Bush Camp</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/baroe"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Baroe Guest Farm</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/marlu"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Marlu Guest Farm</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/glenmore"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Glenmore Farm Cottage and 4x4 trails</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/makkedaatgrot"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Makkedaat Overnight Cave</font></A></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/villaj" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Villa d'Lockyer Guest Lodge</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/townhouse" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Townhouse Guesthouse Uniondale</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/bakkrans" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Baviaanskloof Bakkrans</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.webadz.co.za/roharehab/index.htm" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">The Restoration of Human Abilities Association</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.webadz.co.za/Wizard/index.htm" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Wizard Property Finance</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/dwarsfontein4x4" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Dwarsfontein 4x4 Trail</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/kammanassiecottage" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Kammanassie Farm Cottage</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/mountainpastures" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Mountain Pastures Game Lodge</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/restaurant" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Cracklin Rosy Restaurant</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/sanvalley" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">San Valley Game Lodge</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFCC00"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.zawebs.com/accommodation/index.htm"> Holiday Accommodation Port Elizabeth</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/elandsheuwel/index.htm"> Elandsheuwel Guest Farm</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="../www.zawebs.com/anisales/index.htm">Ani Sales for Braais and Fireplaces</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="../www.zawebs.com/money4u/index.htm">Money4U</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/weavers">Weavers B&B</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/kudukaya/index.htm"> Kudu Kaya Self Catering Accommodation</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/skoolhuis/index.htm"> Die Skoolhuis B&B</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/brighton">Brighton Lodge</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/baviaanswes/"> Baviaanswes Guesthouse and Farm Stay</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/lansrivier">Lansrivier Farm Stays</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/elandspoort/index.htm"> Elandspoort Safaris</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/caravanpark/index.htm"> Uniondale Caravan Park</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/verberg/index.htm"> Verberg Farm Stays and Safaris</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/cottages/index.htm">The Cottages B&B</A> (Uniondale)</FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/cedarguesthouse/index.htm"> Cedar Mountain Retreat and Guest House</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/bruintjieskraal">Bruintjieskraal Campsite</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/guestcottages/index.htm">Baviaanskloof Cottages</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/stoneleigh"> Stoneleigh Self Catering Accommodation</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/4x4">Baviaanskloof 4x4 and Bush Camp</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.karooheartland.co.za/cottages">The Cottage B&B</A> (Jansenville)</FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/albertspark"> Albertspark Guestfarm</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/bokloof">Bokloof Guestfarm</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/kleinpoort"> Kleinpoort</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/speekhout">Speekhout Tea Garden & Bonsai Nursery</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/vleikloof">Vleikloof</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.uniondale.co.za/casadarte">Casa dArte</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.baviaans.co.za/finchleyfarm"> Finchley Farm Cottage</A></FONT></SPAN></li> </ul> </td> <td width="50%" align="center" valign="top"> <B> <font face="Arial" color="#FFCC00" size="2"><SPAN lang="en-za">Examples of </SPAN> full websites </font></B> <ul style="color: #FF0000"> <li> <p align="left"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial"><SPAN lang="en-za"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.webadz.co.za">WebAdz South African Business Directory</A></SPAN></font></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.umgamanzisafaris.com" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Umgamanzi Safaris and Game Lodge</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.baviaans.co.za" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Baviaans Municipality and Tourism Forum</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.pestgeorgesclub.com" target="_blank"> <font size="2" face="Arial" color="#FFCC00">Port Elizabeth St Georges Club</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.automax.co.za" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Automax Used Car Dealer </font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"> <a href="http://www.stgeorgesprep.co.za" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">St George's Schools</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.africanaloe.com" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">African Aloe</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.uniondale.co.za" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Uniondal<SPAN lang="en-za">e Tourism</SPAN></font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a href="http://www.mpunzilodge.com" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Mpunzi Game Lodge</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.haasbroek.za.cx"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">Healing through our natural food and Fasting</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <a href="http://www.vandenberg.co.za" target="_blank"> <font color="#FFCC00" size="2" face="Arial">The South African van den Berg Family Genealogy</font></a></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.clivia.sa.cx">CLIVIA</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.jska.co.za">JSKA Karate</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gentechpu.com">Gentech</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.springcollection.co.za">Spring Collection</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.astonwoods.com">Astonwood<SPAN lang="en-za">s B&B</SPAN></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.diehel.com">Die Hel</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.haasbroek.za.cx">Die Haasbroek Familie</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sanvalley.za.com">Sanvalley</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.expro.za.cx">Expro Securit<SPAN lang="en-za">y VIP and Tourist protection.</SPAN></a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.thegreatkaroo.com">The Great Karoo</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sweetsint.com">Sweets International</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.kamala.co.za">Kamala Game Farm</A></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.africanroots.biz">Africanroots</a></font></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.africanos-inn.co.za">Africanos Inn Bar, Grill and Barn</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.eascapefire.com">Eascape Fire Protection and detection</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.steelpipespe.co.za">Steel Pipes and Fittings</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.dansden4x4.co.za">Dans Den 4x4 Lodge</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.houseliving.za.cx">Houseliving on-line sales</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.lsatechnology.co.za">LSA School of Technology</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.medhire.co.za">Medical Equiment Hire</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.urbanstone.co.za">Urban S<SPAN lang="en-za">tone for travertine tiles</SPAN></A></FONT></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.agri-land.co.za">Agri-land for Farms and land</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.ostrichmartsa.co.za">Ostrich chicks, eggs and egg shells</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.welcomeprop.co.za">Welcome properties Estate Agents</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN lang="en-za"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.jeffreysbayaccommodation.com">Self Catering Accommodation in Jeffreys Bay</A></SPAN></FONT></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.kammastudio.co.za/">Kamma Studio Self Catering Accommodation</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.karroohotel.co.za">Karroo Hotel</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.dammetjies.com">Dammetjies.com</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.eccchoir.com">Eastern Cape Childrens Choir</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.farmprop.com">Farm Properties</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.sell-n-swop.co.za">Sell-n-Swop</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.quiltfestival2006.com">SA Quiltfestival2006</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.peaccommodation.com">PE Self catering Accommodation</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.albertiniahotel.co.za">Albertinia Hotel</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.stmarks.org.za">St Marks Congregational Church</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.peauto.co.za">PE Auto</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.thortexec.co.za">Thortex Eastern Cape</A></FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.blackstonemcp.co.za">Blackstone Maintenance</A> </FONT></SPAN></li> <li> <p align="left"><SPAN lang="en-za"><FONT face="Arial" size="2"> <A target="_blank" href="http://www.thembalethusafaris.co.za"> Thembalethu Safaris</A></FONT></SPAN></li> </ul> <P> </td> </tr> </table> </DIV> <p> </p> </body>